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Fusion Splice vs. Mechanical Splice There are four basic steps involved in  fusion splice  and mechanical splice. For both the two methods, the first two steps are nearly the same, and there’s a little difference for the last two steps.   Steps for Fusion Splice Step 1: Fiber preparation. Fibers are prepared by stripping away all the protective coatings, such as cladding, jacket and sheath. Once only bare glass remains, the fibers are carefully cleaned--and here, cleanliness is next to godliness.   Step 2: Cleaving. Cleaving isnt cutting. As the word implies, it’s scoring the fiber using a cleaver and pulling or flexing it until it breaks. The cleaved end must be mirror-smooth and perpendicular to the fiber axis to obtain a proper splice.       Step 3: Fusing the fibers. Fusion, in turn, consists of two steps: aligning and heating. Alignment can be fixed or three-dimensional, manual or automatic, and is normally accomplished with the aid of a viewer that magnif

Fiber Optic Tester - Optical Power Meter In fiber optic network, whether installing new cable, or troubleshooting existing cable, cable testing always plays an important role in the process.  Optical power meter  which is widely used for power measurement and loss testing is well known to us. Today, we are going to talk about this familiar and essential fiber optic tester - optical power meter.   As its name suggests, optical power meter is a meter which is used for testing optical power. So, what is optical power? And how to measure power by using optical power meter? Optical Power   In simple terms, optical power is the brightness or “intensity” of light. In optical networking, optical power is measured in “dBm” which refers to a decibel relative to 1 milliwatt (mW) of power. Thus a source with a power level of 0 dBm has a power of 1 mW. Likewise, 3 dBm is 2 mW and -3 dBm is 0.5 mW, etc. And one more thing should be known is that 0 mW is negative infinity dBm.  

Today’s data centers are going through unprecedented growth and innovation as emerging optical standards and customers’ demands for higher-level networking services converge. Bandwidth, port density and low-power demands come as the main drivers that populate the deployment of  fiber optic networks . And in fiber optic network implementations, pluggable transceivers provide a modular approach to safe-proof network design and become the ideal choice to meet the ever-changing network needs in data centers. This text just mainly introduces pluggable transceivers deployed in data centers. A Quick Question:  What Are Pluggable Transceivers ? Pluggable transceivers are transceivers that can be plugged into routers, switches, transport gear, or pretty much any network device to transmit and receive signals. They are hot swappable while the device is operating, standardized to be interchangeable among vendors, capable of operating over many different physical medium and at different dis

Recent years, with the developments of 10g transceiver modules, there is a low cost technical solution in the short distance high speed internet connections, it is gigabit high speed cable. These direct attach cables also known as twinax cable, they are different from other common fiber optic cable, whether in the application or their appearances. They increase reliability of short 10 Gigabit network connections. In order to satisfy data meter and high performance computing application needs for a high density cabling interconnect system capable of 10Gb/s per channel transmission rates, （shown as the figure）we can find that they are designed to be fully compatible with optical or electrical connections in the factor of shape and industrial standards, sfp+ dac meet the harshest external operating conditions including temperature, humidity and EMI interference. Here I will introduce several popular  SFP cables  simply. sfp+ cable First, passive sfp+ cable, standard?sfp+ copper tra

In 2010,  10G SFP+  became the primary equipment interface in data center applications. However, jump to 2017, as demand for greater bandwidth shows no signs of slowing, 40G and  100G transceiver  shipments saw a whopping increase. While shipments of 40G and 100G modules are on the rise, the large majority of data center networks don’t undergo a whole replacement of 10G device with 40G or 100G device. Instead, many typically deploy necessary equipment to achieve the coexistence of 10G, 40G, and 100G in the same network. Read this post, and you will get detailed solution. QSFP+ 40G to 10G In the following scenario, an upgraded 40G switch is networked to existing 10G servers with a 1×24-fiber to 3×8-fiber MTP conversion cable. At the switch, a cassette combines three 40G ports (QSFP 8-fiber) on the 24-fiber trunk. In the server cabinet, each 40G port is segregated into 10G LC connections to support server connectivity.   Note: in this architecture, if you have existing  12-fib

As data center of all types continue to grow in terms of traffic and size,  40G and 100G Ethernet technology  is no longer a pipe dream—it is well on the way and set to become the new standard for high bandwidth and intelligent architecture. Faced with this upcoming trend in data center, what preparation should we do? Read this post, and you will get some details.   LC or MPO Interfaced 40/100G Modules? Normally, there are two interfaces that  40/100G transceivers  use: LC and MPO. LC interfaced modules will be used over single-mode fiber for long distance data transmission, while MPO interfaced modules are commonly deployed with multimode fiber for short distance. However, there are also some transceivers not following this rule. For example, 40GBase-UNIV uses duplex LC connector, but it only supports 150 meters over OM3 or OM4 fiber, and 500 meters over single-mode fiber as we have mentioned in the previous post. Besides, 100GBase-PSM4 is a single-mode module, but it has MPO i

As people are expecting more information to be available at their fingertips, fiber network deployment should be quicker and easier. Active optical cable(AOC) is a good solution to this issue. AOC is a cable assembly which is permanently terminated with QSFP+ modules at both ends. It use electrical-to-optical conversion on the cable ends to improve speed and distance performance of the cable without sacrificing compatibility with standard electrical interfaces for short-range multi-lane data communication and interconnect applications. Nowadays, the market of AOC keeps growing has a bright future, especially in 40G Ethernet. This post will mainly introduce one 40G AOC type— 40G QSFP+ to 8LC Breakout AOC . 40G QSFP+ to 8LC Breakout AOC  Overview QSFP+ to 8LC breakout AOC is a high performance, short-reach interconnect solution supporting 40G Ethernet, fiber channel with low power consumption. It is compliant with the IEEE P802.3ba 40GBASE-SR4 and QSFP MSA.   40G QSFP+ to 8LC

SFP is with higher data rate and new industrial standards and it is with more compact size compared with the former 10G transceivers X2 and  Xenpak , it has greater ability for density installations. With the rapid development of fiber optic technologies, 10G Ethernet products are coming to fit the increasing demand for bandwidth. SFP plus is the 10G fiber optic transceiver used for 10G Ethernet and other high speed transmissions. It is the upgraded version of the former SFP transceivers (MINI GBIC), This post will focus on Juniper Networks SFP module EX-SFP-10GE-SR. Overview of Juniper SFP Modules Juniper SFP transceivers  are the most cost-effective standards-based optical modules fully compatible with Juniper Switches & Routers. The Juniper SFP modules are tested in-house prior to shipment to guarantee that they will arrive in perfect physical and working condition before delivered worldwide. Fiberstore provides Juniper compatible SFP transceivers which can be equivalent

Since the customers have demanded for a more intensive bandwidth, the telecommunication carriers must seek to offer a matured network convergence and enable the revolution of consumer media device interaction. Hence, the emergence of FTTx technology is significant for people all over the world. FTTx, also called as fiber to the x, is a collective term for any broadband network architecture using optical fiber to provide all or part of the local loop used for last mile telecommunications. With different network destinations,  FTTx  can be categorized into several terminologies, such as FTTH, FTTN, FTTC, FTTB, FTTP, etc. The following parts will introduce the above terms at length. FTTH FTTx is commonly associated with residential FTTH (fiber to the home) services, and FTTH is certainly one of the fastest growing applications worldwide. In an FTTH deployment, optical cabling terminates at the boundary of the living space so as to reach the individual home and business office where

If you are thinking of pre-wiring or rewiring your home network, there are many alternatives to consider. POF (Plastic optical fiber) could be one of your options. It is usually called as “consumer” optic fiber, as it is a low-cost  optical fiber  alternative with flexibility and ease of end finish.   Plastic optic fiber is a large core step-index fiber with a typical diameter of 1 mm, which typically uses PMMA (acrylic), a general-purpose resin as the core material, and fluorinated polymers for the cladding material. It is a specialty fiber has various advantages and is useful for illumination, sensors and low speed short data links and so on.   Plastic optical fiber  works in the same manner as glass optical fiber but uses plastic instead of glass. Although POF has a higher attenuation than glass optical fiber, it is acceptable for certain applications. Because it has merits that the glass optical fiber does not have. Unlike glass, plastic optical fiber has a larger core m

Talk About QSFP 40G SR4 to 4 SFP 10G SR Transceiver Module As we know, SFP+ and  QSFP+ fiber optic transceiver  module and fiber optic cables bring to people a wide variety of high density and low power 40 Gigabit, 10Gigabit, 1 Gigabit, and 100 Megabit Ethernet connectivity options over fiber or copper media. The example of  40G QSFP transceiver  module will bring us to have knowledge of it. In 40G QSFP transceiver module data sheet, we can see that about SFP 40G SR4, cisco thinks, it can be used in a 4 x 10 G mode for interoperability with 10Gbase sr interfaces up to 100m and 150m on OM4 and OM3?cables respectively, in another word, if i connect Nexus 55772UP equipped with “six true QSFP ports” to Nexus 7706 using QSFP 40G SR 4 on the side of 5572UP, and 4 x  cisco SFP  10G SR on the side of 7706? Somehow, i think that this is not impossible, but someone thinks that there are fiber optic cables with 40G interface on one side and 4 x 10G SFP (LC connector) on the other side. W